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Sunday, November 9, 2014

Constructing a Universal Power Supply using LM317 Rise

This is a basic, Universal Power Supply voltage regulator circuit using an LM317, 3-terminal regulator in a TO-220package. The Universal Power Supply output voltage can be set to anywhere in the range one.5V to 30V by selecting resistances. By using a potentiometer, R2, as of the resistors you can dial up the output voltage wanted. Either AC or DC input can be supplied to the PCB by a socket or terminal block. Connection can be either way around. This is because they have provided a bridge rectifier on board. The input DC voltage to the regulator must be at least two.5V above the necessary output voltage. An off/on switch is provided.

For lots of applications (say 12V at 60mA) a heat sink wont be required. The LM317 will provide slightly higher output voltages than 30 volts. However, for most hobbyists over 30V wont be needed. So to make a small PCB they have used some electrolytic capacitors rated to 35 volts. To be safe for continuous operation the maximum input DC voltage to the regulator ought to not be over 33V. With a two.5V to three.0V drop across the regulator this will give a regulated output of 30V. You can draw up to one.5A from the LM317. In case you need higher then use an LM338T rated to 5A.

When outside capacitors are used with any IC regulator it is lovely practice to add protection diodes to prevent the capacitors discharging back in to the regulator in the event of abnormal operating conditions, like a sudden short circuit on the input or the output, or a back emf from an inductive load. That is the function of D one and D Two.

The worth of R1 can range anywhere from 120R to 1200R However, circuits from most other sources settle on using either 220R or 250R. They have used 240R or 250R. The voltage drop across R1is one.25V for all values, and this is the key to the design. one.25V is the reference voltage of the regulator. Whatever current flows through R1 also flows through R2, and the sum of the voltage drops across R1 and R2 is the output voltage. (Additional current Id also flows in R2 but it is usually 50uA so is negligible.)

The design formula are:

VOUT = 1.25 (1 + R2/R1) volts, or alternatively

R2/R1 = (VOUT/1.25) - 1

So in case you know VOUT & R1 is 250R then you can calculate R2. In case you find that the 5K potentiometer used forR2 does not give you the degree of fine control over the voltage output range that you need then you can use these formula to fine-tune R1 & R2 to better suited values.

Universal Power Supply Schematic Diagram

Saturday, October 4, 2014

5V Switching Regulator using LM2575 5 0

This circuit of +5 V switching power supply uses LM2575-5.0. You can make the stable voltage by using Terminal 3 and LM317 regulator. However, due to the current electrical output and electrical current is introduced it, about the difference between electrical power input (x Input voltage power input) and output (voltage output x output current) is consumed as heat with the regulator. Because it is, the efficiency is not good. In the event that the switching regulator that only inputs the electrical energy needed to produce the input for the switching operation. Because it is, there is little power to consume with the regulator and is efficient.

DC to DC step down voltage regulator. Wide input voltage 8Vdc to 40Vdc.

LM2575-3.3 (3.3Vdc output)
LM2575-5.0 (5Vdc output)
LM2575-12 (12Vdc output)
LM2575-15 (15Vdc output)
LM2575-ADJ (1.23Vdc to 37Vdc output)

The switching regulator which introduces in this page is the type and step is to get the output voltage that is less than the input voltage. As the regulator, use this time, the output is 5-V fixation.
The controller switching stage such attacks may be the voltage that is higher than the input voltage.

IC LM2575

The LM2575 series of regulators are monolithic integrated circuits that provide all the active functions of a step down (money) switching regulator capable of driving a 1A load with excellent line and load regulation. These devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, 12V, 15V and adjustable output version.

Requiring a minimum number of external components, these regulators are simple to use and include internal frequency compensation and a fixed frequency oscillator.

The LM2575 series offers a high-performance replacement for popular three-terminal linear regulators. Substantially reduced the size of the heatsink, and in many cases no heat sink is required.

A standard series of inductors optimized for use with the LM2575 are available from several manufacturers. This feature greatly simplifies the design of switching power supplies.

Other features include a guarantee of ± 4% output voltage at the input voltages within specific conditions and output load, and ± 10% in the oscillator frequency. External stop is included, with 50 mA (typical) standby current. The output switch includes cycle-by-cycle current limiting, thermal shutdown and full protection for the failure.

Thursday, September 18, 2014

Touch Switch Using FET

The series of touch this switch be an Touch Switch made using FET. This circuit serves to activate electronic devices only when we touch touch sensors.
Once we release a touch to the sensor, the electronic device that is connected is turned off again. The series of touch switch or touch switch is very simple, composed only of a FET, resistor and capacitor. The series of touch switches / touch switches work with source voltage 12VDC. Detailed series of touch switches / touch switch can be seen in thethe following figure .

FET Touch Switch

The series of touch switches / touch switch can only be used to illuminate DC, 12V DC lamp when it replaced the relay, the circuit can be used safely to load the AC network. Sensor touch to this series was made with 2 pieces of plate are arranged close together (within 1-2mm).

Tuesday, September 9, 2014

Heat Detector Alarm using UM3561

A very simple heat detector alarm electronic project can be designed using the UM3561 sound generator schema and some other common electronic parts . This heat detector electronic schema project uses a complementary pair comprising npn and pnp transistor to detect heat Collector of T1 transistor is connected to the base of the T2 transistor , while the collector of T2 transistor is connected to RL1 relay T3 and T4 transistors connected in darlington configuration are used to amplify the audio signal from the UM3561 ic.

When the temperature close to the T1 transistor is hot , the resistance to the emitter –collector goes low and it starts conducting . In same time T2 transistor conducts , because its base is connected to the collector of T1 transistor and the RL1 relay energized and switches on the siren which produce a fire engine alarm sound. This electronic schema project must be powered from a 6 volts DC power supply , but the UM3561 IC is powered using a 3 volt zener diode , because the alarm sound require a 3 volts dc power supply. The relay used in this project must be a 6 volt / 100 ohms relay and the speaker must have a 8 ohms load and 1 watt power.

Streampowers

30V Variable Power Supply Using LM317

This 30v variable power supply schema is based on LM317 voltage regulator schema . This LM317 30v variable power supply schema can deliver high current (around 5 amps) and variable output voltage between 1.2 volts, up to 30 volts. The led D3 mounted on pin 6 at lm301 lights in constant current mode .

30V Variable Power Supply Using LM317 Circuit diagram

Current limit can be adjusted using R2 potentiometer and the output voltage can be adjusted from 1.2 volts to 30 volts using R8 potentiometer . Input voltage for this variable power supply must be around 35 volts .For this power supply schema you need to use LM317K schema (in to3 package ) which must be mounted on a heatsink .

Friday, September 5, 2014

60W inverter using transistors

Here is the schema diagram of a fully transistorized inverter that can drive up to 60W loads. Transistors Q1 and Q2 forms a 50Hz astable multivibrator.

The output from the collector of Q2 is connected to the input of the Darlington pair formed by Q3 and Q4.Similarly the output of Q1 is coupled to the input of the pair Q5 and Q6. The output from the Darlington pairs drive the final output transistors Q7 and Q8 which are wired in the push pull configuration to drive the output transformer.

Notes.

* The schema can be assembled on a vero board.
* T1 can be a 230V primary to 9-0-9V, 6A secondary transformer.
* Transistors Q4, Q6, Q7 and Q8 must be fitted with heat sinks.
* Use a 12V, 7Ah battery for powering the inverter.
* Slight adjustments can be made on the value of R3 and R4 to get exact 50Hz output.

Wednesday, September 3, 2014

Fan Controller Using Just Two Component

Fan Controller Using Just Two Component Circuit diagram. The Maxim MAX 6665 (www.maxim-ic.com) provides a complete temperature-dependent fan controller. It can switch fans operating at voltages of up to 24 V and currents of up to 250 mA. The IC is available from the manufacturer in versions with preset threshold temperatures between +40 °C (MAX6665 ASA40) and +70 °C (MAX6665 ASA 70). The device’s hysteresis can be set by the user via the HYST input, which can be connected to +3.3 V, connected to ground, or left open. The following table shows the hysteresis values available:

HYST = Hysteresis
open = 1 °C
ground = 4 °C
+3.3V = 8 °C

Fan Controller Using Just Two Component Circuit diagram:

Fan Controller Circuit Diagram

The other pins of the SO8 package are the FORCEON input and the status outputs WARN, OT and FANON. The test input FORCEON allows the fan to be run even below the threshold temperature. The open-drain output WARN goes low when the temperature rises more than 15 °C above the threshold temperature, while the open-drain output OT indicates when the temperature is more than 30 °C above the threshold. The push-pull output FANON can be used to indicate to a connected microcontroller that the fan is turned on.

Author: G. Kleine Copyright: Elektor Electronics

Saturday, August 30, 2014

Fire Alarm using NE555 and temperature sensor

This is a simple series of fire alarms. In this series used NE555 timer and temperature sensor to detect high temperatures. The working principle of this temperature sensor that is when the temperature is high around the sensor then there is resistance on the sensor to be small.

However if the low temperature then the resistance will be high. If the resistance of small sensors, the voltage supply will be able to flow past the sensor and activate the transistor.

IC1 NE555 as a regulator of the audio frequency. Transistors 1 and 2 are used as a driver IC1. Output (pin 3) of IC1 would trigger a transistor base T3 (SL100), which drives the speaker to produce sound the alarm. Frequency NE555 depending on resistance values of R5 and R6 and the capacitance sensor C2 temperature. When the temperature gets hot, would provide a low resistance so that supply voltage can flow into the base of transistor T1 through a diode D1 and R2.

Capacitor C1 will charge a positive voltage so that it will increase the time when the fire alarm. The greater the value of C1, the greater the positive bias applied to the base of transistor T1 (BC548). T1 collector coupled to the base transistor T2, transistor T2 provides a positive voltage to pin 4 (reset) from IC1 (NE555). Resistors R4 will make IC1 NE555 continued to be active despite no positive voltage flowing.

Friday, August 29, 2014

Simple 30 Watt VHF Amplifier by using 2SC1946A

The 30 watt amplifier schematic shown below provides an appropriate power boost with an input of 4 watt up to 6 watts. The schema is designed to cover 88-108MHz FM Broadcast Band. However, the schema is very stable at my place and provides a clean-output through seven (7) element Butter-worth low-pass filter.

Simple 30 Watt VHF Amplifier Circuit Diagram:

Notes:

The heart of the schema is 2SC1946A VHF RF power transistor. The transistor is specifically designed for operation in frequencies up to 175 MHz, with very good results. As you can see, the power line is well decoupled. The amplifier current can be over 5 amps. All the coils are made from 16gauge laminated wire (or Silver copper wire can do best) and the RFC can be of HF toroid core (as shown in the picture) or 6 holes ferrite bead.C3 and R1 forms snubber schema while R2 and C6 prevent the amplifier from self-oscillation at VHF, sometimes you need to add 180 ohms in parallel with L7.That will cause the amplifier to dissipate UNDESIRABLE VHF thereby reducing spurious level.

The photo below is 60Watts VHF power amplifier using the above schema. Two of 2SC1946A transistors are arranged at 90 degrees to each other and their outputs are combined using "Power Combiner Network”. It is quite difficult to combine powers at VHF and UHF bands.

However, I recommend that hobbies should stick to single power design due to its complicity and large rate of INTERFERENCE. (in attempt to go for double transistors which involves power combiner network). Since the two amplifiers are operating in different phase (out of phase).

Tuning:

Tuning of the amplifier is not hard at all. You just have to connect the output to a good antenna with a transmission line (RG214) of 50 ohms. First match the output network, and then do the same to the input network for a maximum power output. By way of adjustment, you can increase the output at its operating frequency.

High Current Step Up Converter Using MAX641

High Current Step-Up Converter Using MAX641 integrated schema, manufactured by Maxim IC, can be designed a very simple step-up converter using few electronic components. This step-up high voltage converter electronic projects allows a maximum output current up to 1A.

High Current Step-Up Converter Circuit Diagram

Low battery voltage detector input compare LB1 with internal reference of 1.31 V. LBO output goes in low state when the voltage at pin 1 falls below 1.31 V. The threshold voltage for "low battery", is determined by voltage divider R1-R2.

LED D1 illuminates the LBO output when the input voltage falls below 2.62 V.
Input voltage must remain below 5 V. The maximum effectiveness is 80% conversion.

Tuesday, August 26, 2014

Emergency Light using Phone Line Wiring diagram Schematic

This is a schema for emergency lighting with LEDs that uses electricity from the telephone line. Generally the phone line has a DC voltage 48V and somewhere around 20 mA, and when the phone rings, the voltage rises to 96V AC. This works in a way that the phone line will not be busy while the LEDs are turned on and when you pick up the phone, the light goes off and lets you use your phone normally.

Emergency Light using Phone Line Circuit Diagram

Monday, August 25, 2014

LED Clock Using PIC 11 SP

Now youll be able to perpetually grasp the precise time. With this style youll be able to have an atomic clock in your area. Isn’t that great? scan on to grasp additional.

First of all, its not regarding any radioactive components here. this can be regarding building a clock show that may get the time from the DCFF77 facilities in Frankfurt, Germany.All thats required may be a clock LED show, DCFF77 receiver, and a microcontroller at the side of the mandatory connections.

Basically, the project permits a sign thats sent by the DCFF77 radio station to be decoded. After that. the microcontroller method it and sends it to the LED show to indicate the precise time. theres no got to build a sign receiver, an honest quality receiver may be bought on the net for a coffee worth.

nce everything has been set within the affiliation board the PIC supply code ought to be developed. The orientation of the antenna ought to be perpendicular to Frankfurt. itll receive signal if its among 2000 miles from town. If theres a sign, the amount on the clock LED show can blink during a constant rhytm. When a full cycle of binary pulses is received, the clock can show the precise time.

Sunday, August 24, 2014

Solar Lamp using the PR4403

The PR4403 is an enhanced cousin of the PR4402 40 mA LED driver. It has an extra input called LS which can be taken low to turn the LED on. This makes it very easy to build an automatic LED lamp using a rechargeable battery and a solar module. The LS input is connected directly to the solar cell, which allows the module to be used as a light sensor at the same time as it charges the battery via a diode. When darkness falls so does the voltage across the solar module: when it is below a thresh-old value the PR4403 switches on. During the day the battery is charged and, with the LED off, the driver only draws 100 µA.

Circuit Diagram :
Solar

Solar Lamp using the PR4403 Circuit Diagram

At night the energy stored in the battery is released into the LED. In contrast to similar designs, here we can make do with a single 1.2 V cell. The PR4403 is available in an SO-8 pack-age with a lead pitch of 1.27 mm. The other components are a 1N4148 diode (or a Schottky 1N5819) and a 4.7 µH choke. Pin 2 is the LS enable input, connected directly to the solar module. According to the datasheet, it is possible to connect a series resistor at this point (typ. 1.2 M) to increase the effective threshold voltage. The LED will then turn on slightly earlier in the evening before it is not completely dark. Pins 3 and 6 of the device must be connected together and together form the output of the schema.